Problem found: rod length was incorrect. The config-override contained an incorrect length (+8%). Since I use 6 factor calibration this value isn't adjusted. It was probably a side effect of a 7 or 9 factor calibration experiment.
What I learned: On a delta, if both you x and y are off by the same amount but your z calibration is fine. Take a look at the L parameter of the command M665 in BOTH config and config-override.