I got frustrated and tore the wiring apart and reconnected everything once again. Ran the tests all over again.
Everything was 100% (just like before) except for that I got no response at all from the Z- end stop. I replaced the wiring for that end stop and it responded fine.
I started the printer and thought I'd try "home all" just for fun, before I did any testing. Eureka Homing works perfectly now
The only thing bugging me is that a faulty wire could consistently work in end stop tests, and just as consistently fail in homing tests...
@Veti Thanks for Your help and suggestions. They made me think twice about trusting some random post, instead of coming here for help.
It sure put me in the right mood to try solving this! It's greatly appreciated.
@Phaedrux Thanks for the links, I'll read them all through carefully when I get a little bit more time to spare.