@jay_s_uk it was the fuse - thank you so much! I never thought I would be so lucky that the thing that failed was because of a fuse. With my first duet I had experienced a failed mosfet leading to an always-on fan. But in another post I read that "If all the fans have stopped working then you have fused the via in the trace between the VIN pin of the fan jumper selection block and the +VIN power input terminal. You can add a wire on the back of the Duet to connect them together again.".
So I assumed the worst. Lesson learned.
I didn't have a spare fuse but I obtained supplies today and replaced the fuse with a 2 amp fuse because I read on the duet parts list web page that "PCB revisions 1.03 and later have a 1A mini auto blade fuse protecting the fan circuits when the fan voltage selection jumper is in the VIN position. You can increase the fuse rating to 2A or even 3A if your fans, air pumps etc. draw more than 1A in total."
I turned on the system and my hot-end fan came on - great!!! Then I enabled my cooling fans and within say 5 seconds, the fuse blew. This is actually also great - because now I get to find the real root of the problem.
I replaced the fuse again and removed the Mechatronics fan. I've left the system up with fans on for about 5 minutes. It seems like this is the culprit because removing the other fan but leaving the Mechatronics will also blow the fuse. I put a multi-meter on the connectors to the Mechatronics fan (the terminals that plug into the duet so that I'm checking the full fan and wiring) and checked the resistance and I see about 16 Ohms of resistance. What I read said that this is a typical expected range. I would really like to find the root cause of the root cause so that this doesn't happen again. Any suggestions are welcome.
Thank you all for the help @jay_s_uk and @oliof and have a wonderful weekend.