@QuintBrand Interesting question! I don't know what the implications are with the step timing, so you'll need someone more clever to answer that. However, there are a few other things to consider.
Fundamentally, there will be some delay between the step signals on the driver to the current rise in the motor coils, then again for it to convert that into a torque on the shaft stiffness of the motor. A stepper motor will typically have some position lag/error under load. This is typically small (only a fraction of a step), but will take an amount of time to build and stabilise under a step response input stiffness of the belt system. Even though the belts we use have steel cores, they are still a bit stretchy (plus any flex in the mounts). They are also quite highly damped (because rubber) so again there is some delay and smoothing effect from motor to print head. backlash in the belts, pulleys, mounts, linear bearings/rails etc will cause some non-linear effect the motionWith all of this, you will likely get quite different answers for the forces/response depending on where in the system you measure.
In reality, the motion of a printer is a very complex multi body, multi physics system so it will be quite hard to accurately compute/predict. General principle is usually to calculate the loads under acceleration, not jerk, and have some overhead for safety. Usually it's things like the bearings, backlash, getting acceptable print quality etc that dominate over system capability.