Vertical lines vs. geared extruders
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@o_lampe said in Vertical lines vs. geared extruders:
We had some discussions lately about 'wavy' prints, vertical lines (not ringing) and such..
It seems in most cases the printer wasn't the cause, but a pulsing extruder.Is that related to straight cut extruder gears? Their tooth profile is pretty basic and might produce non-uniform torque output.
What you think?It depends on what you mean by "geared extruder". Are you talking about a dual drive gears, like Bondtech; or gear reductions like geared steppers, or printed gear reductions?
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When you think about it, and I have seen clear evidence, you have no choice but to get a pulsing flow in the filament.
Your stepper motor makes discrete steps and each step it takes is followed by a 'flow profile' at the nozzle end. When you reduce the step size (or introduce a reduction drive) you reduce this effect. When you increase volume extruded per unit time you decrease this effect. When you go to a Bowden drive rather than a direct drive you reduce that effect.
I would guess that introducing a gear train but no reduction to compare apples to apples, you change things ever so slightly but I would expect to see no noticeable change on a straight line where you are only ever extruding (no retraction).
As far as the driving teeth onto the filament is concerned, yes they introduce an (unavoidable) non linearity depending on how deep the teeth sink into the filament. I suspect that this only becomes an issue with flexible filament and then your whole 'flow profile' has also changed.
IMHO the 3:1 gearing of a BMG style extruder is an excellent way to reduce this pulsing effect. -
@jens55 said in Vertical lines vs. geared extruders:
When you think about it, and I have seen clear evidence, you have no choice but to get a pulsing flow in the filament.
Your stepper motor makes discrete steps and each step it takes is followed by a 'flow profile' at the nozzle end. When you reduce the step size (or introduce a reduction drive) you reduce this effect. When you increase volume extruded per unit time you decrease this effect. When you go to a Bowden drive rather than a direct drive you reduce that effect.
I would guess that introducing a gear train but no reduction to compare apples to apples, you change things ever so slightly but I would expect to see no noticeable change on a straight line where you are only ever extruding (no retraction).
As far as the driving teeth onto the filament is concerned, yes they introduce an (unavoidable) non linearity depending on how deep the teeth sink into the filament. I suspect that this only becomes an issue with flexible filament and then your whole 'flow profile' has also changed.
IMHO the 3:1 gearing of a BMG style extruder is an excellent way to reduce this pulsing effect.That should be easy enough to test by changing micro-stepping values on identical prints / extrusion tests.
Crunching some quick numbers on that, for a Sherpa mini: 709 steps/mm @ x16... = 23.6 steps per mm of printed line (0.4 x 0.2), or 0.04mm per microstep. I don't think that is visible.
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@ccs86, my BMG LGX uses 405 steps/mm and it has a 3:1 gear reduction build in and I agree that the steps are not easily visible although in a print you might still see an overall pattern. I think an extruder without gear reduction is around 120 or so steps per mm which is considerably coarser than your 709 steps/mm.
Here is my math .... please double check and correct me where/if I have made an error.
1 step = 1/120 mm of 1.75 mm filament
filament is (1.75 /2)^2 x 3.14 = 2.4 mm^3 volume of filament per mm.
Since each step is 1/120mm then each step is 0.02 mm^3 of filament
Printed filament (0.4x0.2) is 0.08 mm^3 volume per mm laid down
So we lay down 4 mm of filament for every full step of the extruder.
At a micro stepping rate of 16 we lay down 0.25 mm of filament or 4 microsteps per mm laid down.
This is certainly visible in itself but you have to keep in mind that each step has a flow curve associated with it which makes the individual steps more visible. Then you put all of this into a largish printed area (let's say 100mm x 100 mm) and even though the eye might have an issue looking at the individual line and see the flaws it is remarkably more accurate to see a pattern in a larger area and you will see this pattern.So to sum it up and even if my math is incorrect, I was going under the assumption of a standard extruder where the motor turns the gear that feeds the filament and you would see the steps. When reduced in a 3:1 gear reduction like the BMG, steps are much less visible. At 709 steps/mm
the end result would be even smoother. -
I wonder if anyone makes a traction drive that would fit on a NEMA-17 stepper. Traction drive can provide the gear reduction without gear teeth.
Hmmm. SDP/SI makes NEMA-17 motors with traction drive reducers for about $650... Maybe they can be found surplus/used for a more reasonable price.
It might be possible to make one...
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@mrehorstdmd, I think there is very little to be gained by going to a traction drive over a gear tooth drive when you are doing 400 steps per mm or more for the extruder.
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@jens55 You're getting to 400 steps/mm by using a gear reducer. The Bondtech BMG has a 3:1 reduction. The point of the traction drive is that you get the reduction without the gear teeth that can cause exactly the type of problem being discussed in this thread. Traction drives are used when the motorized motion or process can't have the variability in speed or position caused by the imperfect meshing of gear teeth.
OTOH, the behavior at the point where the drive gear engages the filament might be a much larger factor compared to imperfections in the gear box. If you switched from gears to traction drive and the problem went away, it would indicate that the gears were the source of the problem, assuming nothing else changed.
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Just for fun, Here's a Macro shot of a 600steps/mm geared extruder (Orbiter) - you can still see the specific folds/bite of the teeth. These are .4mm layers
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To me, these look like cogging issues in the extruder, either because the tooth profiles don’t mesh correctly, or teeth are pushed to tightly together. Herringbone gears became popular to overcome at least part of this issue. Maybe we lost something when optimising for smallness. Time to go old-school! https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:961630 or maybe the belt drive version https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:791325
Ian
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I don't understand ..... here is an example of a perfect print and yet there is talk about improving it. Given enough magnification you can find fault in anything. Shouldn't the question be 'how does this print look if I look at it with the unaided mach1 eyeball?' I bet you can't see those artefacts without some sort of magnification. Even if you could the fact that you have layer lines is way way way more obvious. Worry about them if you need to worry about something.
I would be tickled pink and purple if I could achieve a print quality like that ! -
@luke-slaboratory did you test your orbiter with some cube at slow speeds like 30mm/s and 0.2mm per layer?
Can you please say more about your setup? I mean, is it a comercial orbiter or printed one? What stepper does it use? And what kind of printer do you have?The artifacts we discussed here and in another thread are more vissible at low speeds and thinner layer heights due less extrussion requires.
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@jens55 problem is if you can see there you can see it by far distance in more slow "quality" prints and we are trying to find yet if it is extruder related or fw related
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@ccs86 said in Vertical lines vs. geared extruders:
It depends on what you mean by "geared extruder". Are you talking about a dual drive gears, like Bondtech; or gear reductions like geared steppers, or printed gear reductions?
There's a sudden burst of reactions, but they mostly discuss the gear ratio. The math showed it would lead to very fine artifacts, but we've seen vertical lines with bigger gaps. Wondering, if they all run BMG dual drive? Anyone using a E3D Titan? They have a comparable gear ratio, but no dual drive...
I suspect the coarse gears of the BMG dual drive and how the idler gear is pressed into the main drive gear. They have 17 teeth at 7.4mm extruder drive diameter.
What would the math say about these with a classic 0.4 x 0.2 track?On my selfprinted Sherpa mini clone, I could make it run smoother by 'misaligning' the idler bracket shaft. A wider distance at the dual drive side and closer at the filament path. (+/- 0.1mm each)
Now the thumb screw presses the filament before the drive-teeth. -
I wonder how well microstepping works at these lower speeds and relatively high motor loading particularly with the use of these smaller motors? I seem to recall that there is a relatively large reduction in torque/holding power at the intermediate microstep positions. Perhaps the actual movement is not as smooth as you might expect?
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@gloomyandy
Worst thing would be, if all the torque pulses from various sources come into sync and add up.
Filament-Tsunami -
Sure. I can certainly print more at .2mm layers. I typically print at volumetric limits, 25mm3/s for Jessie Filament with this setup, meaning if I go lower layer heights, the toolspeed will be significantly higher.
My printer these prints were off is a Stablebot core. Mechanics are Corexy. This is an injection molded orbiter with the 20mm extruder. Running .35A rms, x64usteps. Hotend is a slice magnum skeeter with .6mm vanadium nozzle. Klipper. 7k accel. Pressure advance enabled (tho this should only matter for the corners).
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i think the bondtech style extruder gears are the main cause for those issues .
the tensioning mechanism on bondtech style extruder effects the backlash . more tension = gears fully engaged . less tensions = gears are separated , causing backlash .
too much tension and you're chewing the filament . -
@jens55 said in Vertical lines vs. geared extruders:
@ccs86, my BMG LGX uses 405 steps/mm and it has a 3:1 gear reduction build in and I agree that the steps are not easily visible although in a print you might still see an overall pattern. I think an extruder without gear reduction is around 120 or so steps per mm which is considerably coarser than your 709 steps/mm.
Here is my math .... please double check and correct me where/if I have made an error.
1 step = 1/120 mm of 1.75 mm filament
filament is (1.75 /2)^2 x 3.14 = 2.4 mm^3 volume of filament per mm.
Since each step is 1/120mm then each step is 0.02 mm^3 of filament
Printed filament (0.4x0.2) is 0.08 mm^3 volume per mm laid down
So we lay down 4 mm of filament for every full step of the extruder.
At a micro stepping rate of 16 we lay down 0.25 mm of filament or 4 microsteps per mm laid down.
This is certainly visible in itself but you have to keep in mind that each step has a flow curve associated with it which makes the individual steps more visible. Then you put all of this into a largish printed area (let's say 100mm x 100 mm) and even though the eye might have an issue looking at the individual line and see the flaws it is remarkably more accurate to see a pattern in a larger area and you will see this pattern.So to sum it up and even if my math is incorrect, I was going under the assumption of a standard extruder where the motor turns the gear that feeds the filament and you would see the steps. When reduced in a 3:1 gear reduction like the BMG, steps are much less visible. At 709 steps/mm
the end result would be even smoother.I think your math is correct, depending on your microstepping. I am pretty sure that 709 step/mm on the Sherpa mini is considering x16 stepping, not full steps of a 1.8* motor.
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@hackinistrator said in Vertical lines vs. geared extruders:
i think the bondtech style extruder gears are the main cause for those issues .
the tensioning mechanism on bondtech style extruder effects the backlash . more tension = gears fully engaged . less tensions = gears are separated , causing backlash .
too much tension and you're chewing the filament .What issues?
Backlash in Bondtech gears only affects the idler's ability to drive the filament. Especially at lower flow rates, there is essentially no demand for the idler to drive. Only once the primary gear starts to slip on the filament is the idler gear truly loaded.
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@ccs86 I agree. Low tension isn’t the problem, it’s high tension that causes cogging issues in the Bondtech-style gears. And as @gloomyandy (I think) pointed out, the lack of torque at some microsteps causes the movement to be delayed, then catches up as the micro stepping gains more torque towards the full step (or wherever there is more torque), which creates a pulsing in the extrusion.
I had a look on the Bondtech website to try and find correct tensioning advice, but couldn’t find any.
Ian
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