Thanks for all your responses. To sum up what I have taken from this:
A 240W PSU will only ever be a 240W PSU independent of output voltage. That means at 12V it will be able to provide 20A and at 15V it can only provide 16A. I mean this are the designed limits what it is built for. It might handle higher outputs but it is rather likely to break in any way if done often or over a prolonged period of time. So to stay safe never exceed the rated power.
At the same time increasing the voltage will increase current drawn by any heater (or anything with a fixed resistance) with the same factor as the voltage increases. This will be problematic if this increase will excess the capacity of the PSU as described above.
In my specific case it could be critical to turn the PSU up to 15V as my heated bed would also draw around 15A while heating up (reducing the draw when going to only sustain the heat though) what would be very close to the limit the PSU is able to handle.
Regarding cooling: I use a ultra-silent 92mm fan that I can barely here at full speed - and I only run it at 75% or so, so nothing that will offend my ears but definitely something to keep my PSU alive a little longer.
Once more thanks for all the input, very appreciated. 🙂